托福TPO24综合写作及材料原文1 Thereadingpassagepointsoutthreeevidencesthatindicatetheexistenceofactuallytissue下面是小编为大家整理的2023年托福TPO24综合写作及材料原文,菁选2篇,供大家参考。
托福TPO24综合写作及材料原文1
The reading passage points out three evidences that indicate the existence of actually tissue in dinosaur fossil. However, the professor doubts the accuracy of
these evidences. In fact, he offers some alternative explanations for the substances found in the fossil.
First and foremost, he challenges the existence of blood vessels. Instead, he points out that bacteria may occupy the hollows inside the bones. Therefore, it is highly possible that the soft substance in the branching channels of the bone is the moist residue of bacteria, rather than blood vessels of the dinosaur.
Moreover, the professor casts doubt about the red substance in sphere, which according to the reading passage is the remain of red blood cells. In fact, the professor claims that this red substance was also found in some other animals, which lived in the same place but had no red blood vessels at all. The professor argues that the sphere can be pieces of red minerals.
Additionally, the professor doubts the existence of collagen in the fossil. On the contrary to the reading passage, he points out that the earliest collagen that has ever found is in fossils 100000 ago. It is unlikely for collagen to last for more than 70 million years. As a result, the professor suggests that the collagen may come from recent sources, such as the skin of researchers who handed the fossil.
托福TPO24综合写作及材料原文2
Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues because in fossils the animals" living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared that a
70-‐million-‐year-‐old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), a dinosaur, might still
contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. The discovery was made when
researchers deliberately broke open the T. rex’s leg bone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that seem to be remains of blood vessels, red blood cells, and collagen matrix.
动物化石很难帮助人们研究动物的软组织，这是因为化石里面的动物活性组织大 部分都被矿物质代替了。最近，发现一个 7 千万年前的霸王龙化石中可能存在 真正的动物软组织。这令科学家们非常兴奋。科学家小心翼翼地打开了霸王龙腿 骨的时候，发现里面存在着可能为血管、血红细胞和胶原蛋白基质的物质。
First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branching channels inside, which probably correspond to hollows in the bones where blood vessels were once located. The exciting finding was the presence of a soft, flexible organic substance inside the channels. This soft substance may very well represent the remains of the actual blood vessels of T. rex.
首先，打开腿骨化石之后，科学家发现了内部有一些管状分支，这些管状分支可 能是骨内血管存在的地方。令人兴奋的是在这些管状分支中存在着柔软的有机物 质。这些柔软的物质可能是霸王龙真正血管的遗留痕迹。
Second, microscopic examination of the various parts of the inner bone revealed the presence of spheres that could be the remains of red blood cells. Tests showed that the spheres contained iron a material vital to the role of red blood cells in transporting oxygen to tissues. Moreover, the spheres had dark red centers (substances with iron tend to be reddish in color) and were also about the size of red blood cells.
第二，通过显微镜对骨内部多处进行详细检查之后发现了一些可能是血红细胞化 石的球状体。检测发现这些球状体里面还有铁，而铁在血红细胞往组织内输送氧气的过程中扮演重要角色。而且，这些球状体中间呈红色，而含有铁元素的物质
往往是红色的`，同时这些球状体的大小也符合血红细胞。
Third, scientists performed a test on the dinosaur leg bone that showed that it contained collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component of living bone tissue, in which it forms a so-‐called collagen matrix. Collagen (or its chemical derivatives) is exactly the kind of biochemical material that one would expect to find in association with bone tissue.
第三，科学家的测试发现这个恐龙腿骨化石中还有胶原蛋白。胶原蛋白是一种纤 维化蛋白质，是生物骨组织的重要组成部分，以胶原蛋白基质的形式存在。胶原 蛋白或者其衍生物是一种存在于骨骼软组织中的生化物质。
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